The independent history of India/15th August

 An account of India's independence, a necessary look at the major events of independence

It was twelve o'clock at night. There is plenty left until dawn, while the whole country is holding hands and waiting for a new sun. That is exactly what happened one morning 62 years ago. At midnight, Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, flew a tricolor from the Red Fort in Delhi. That custom has been followed for seven decades at midnight on August 14. 15 means the day when millions of emotions unite. Well, the question does not arise in my mind, why this day was suddenly chosen as the day of independence? Let's walk back a little then.

Mountbatten was made clear by the British Parliament that the transfer of power had to be completed by June 1948. In this context, C. Rajagopalchari said that if he had waited till June 1947, Mountbatten would not have had to hand over any new power to anyone else. Understanding the situation, Mountbatten himself brought forward a lot during the transfer of power. About a year.

You leave India a little before the appointed time, but do not give a proper explanation for it, what happens? Naturally, Mountbatten argued that a sudden declaration of Independence Day would not lead to excessive violence and bloodshed. Not at all. The death-killing procession could not be stopped. Immediately Mountbatten's statement changed. He said, "Once any colonial rule is over, it will have to pay the price, there will be a little bit of bloodshed."

The 'India Independence Bill' was proposed on July 4, 1947. The pass is within fifteen days. And with this bill came the much desired freedom. 15 August 1947. India and Pakistan were separated from the British Empire. Isolated themselves. As always, the tag of 'neighboring state' was stuck between the two sides of the barbed wire.

But was India's independence so easy? Let's take a look at some of its important histories.

India was ruled by Mughals before the British and they used our land for their political and economic gain. When the British entered India for the purpose of trade in 1600, the Mughal emperor had no idea that these British would evict them from their kingdom under the pretext of trade. The strategy of asserting one's authority over the country under the guise of trade gradually came to fruition.

 

When the cunning Mughal rulers did not understand the devious strategy of the British, how could the naive people realize the danger that this trade was being done to rob them of everything. This series of atrocities and looting lasted for two centuries and finally after a long battle we were liberated from the British rule and India became independent.

Arrival of East India Company in India: In 1600, the Queen of Britain allowed the East India Company to do business in India and thus the East India Company arrived in India.

 

The fall of the Mughal Empire:

After the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1852, the Mughal rule came to an end. After the death of the last Mughal emperor, all power came into the hands of the British.

 

The first leg of the Revolution-Independence of 1857:

In Indian history it is termed as military coup, but in fact it is from North to Central and Central India to Western.

 

This was the result of widespread public discontent in the region. The cause of that public discontent was both religious, military and economic. The revolt was crushed, but 1857 is considered the first freedom struggle in Indian history.

 

Lots of masculinity fought:

On June 17, 1858, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi attained Veergati while fighting the British.

 

The reins of power in the hands of the company:

In 1859, the entire reins of government under British law passed into the hands of the East India Company.

 

Severe famine:

In 1860-61, there was a severe famine in Orissa, Bihar, Madras and Bengal, in which about 20 lakh people lost their lives. One million people were killed in Orissa alone.

 

Establishment of Congress:

The Indian National Congress was established in December 1885. A.O. Hume was nominated its first president. The first session of the Congress was held at W.C. Held under the leadership of Banerjee.

 

Partition of Bengal:

On July 20, 1905, Bengal was divided into two parts. West and East Bengal became two separate regions.

 

Establishment of Muslim League:

On December 30, 1906, an organization called Muslim League was formed in Dhaka. This was the first time that Muslim leaders united on such a large scale. Salim Ullah Khan was the first to make this proposal, which called for an organization that speaks in the interest of Muslims.

Execution of Khudiram Bose:

In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at Muzaffarpur. Prafulla Chaki shot herself to avoid arrest, but Khudiram Bose was sentenced to death for the act.

 

Indian Council Act:

The Indian Council Act was enacted in 1909 with the proclamation of constitutional reforms. This law came to be known as Morley-Minto, which was primarily an attempt to appease the moderates.

 

Unification of Bengal:

In 1911, the Partition of Bengal was abolished by the British Government. West and East Bengal were merged. At the same time Bihar and Orissa were made separate states.

 

Establishment of Gadar Party:

In 1913, the Indian revolutionaries settled in the United States and Canada formed the 'Ghadar Party'. लाLala Hardayal was one of the founders of this party.

 

Home Rule League:

The devastation of the First World War in 1914 also fell on the Indians. Two Home Rule Leagues were formed in 1915-16 under the leadership of Lokmanya Tilak and Annie Besant to raise voice against the same injustice. Tilak's slogan was - "Swarajya is my birthright."

 

Gandhiji's return:

On January 9, 1915, Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa with a degree in law.

 

Moderate-Extremist Unity:

A historic event took place after the Lucknow session of the Congress in 1916, in which moderates and extremists reunited. Sabarmati Ashram was established in Ahmedabad.

 

Saunders murder:

Frightened by Lala Lajpat Rai's death, Bhagat Singh assassinated Saunders, a British police officer, on December 17.

 

Bardoli movement of farmers:

In 1929, under the leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel, the farmers of Bardoli started a movement.

 

Jawaharlal Nehru Chairman:

- Jawaharlal Nehru was elected President of the Congress in the Lahore Convention.

 

- The sanctioned flag of independence was hoisted on 31st December.

 

Martyrdom of Chandrasekhar Azad:

On February 27, Chandrasekhar Azad shot himself in Alfred Park, Allahabad to avoid arrest by the British and thus a heroic freedom fighter was martyred.

 

Dandi Travel and Salt Law:

On March 12, 1930, Gandhiji and his 78 followers completed a 200 km journey to Dandi and reached the beach and broke the salt law. This is considered the second disobedience movement.

Assembly bomb:

On April 8, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb at the assembly. His purpose was not to kill anyone, but to make his voice heard.

 

Historic hunger strike:

Jatin Das and his associates went on a hunger strike in Lahore against the tyranny of the jail administration during their imprisonment. The hunger strike lasted for 63 days, in which Jatin Das died.

 

Execution of three heroes:

On March 31, 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged and these three heroes happily hung themselves while singing 'Mera Rang De Basanti Chola'.

 

Proposal to release prisoners:

The Gandhi-Irwin agreement was reached in March itself. Under this, it was proposed that the government should allow the release of non-violent prisoners.

 

Round Table Conference:

- The first Round Table Conference of Indian Leaders and Spokespersons was held in London in 1930. The main purpose of this conference was to consider the report of the Simon-Commission.

 

- In 1931, Gandhiji reached England to take part in the Second Round Table Conference.

 

- In November, 1932, the Congress did not join the Third Round Table Conference. The result of this conference was the Government of India Act of 1935.

First Satyagraha - Champaran:

The first Satyagraha movement was started in 1917 in Champaran district of Bihar under the leadership of Gandhiji. This satyagraha was started in protest of the atrocities being perpetrated on the farmers cultivating indigo.

 

Government of India Law:

In 1918, Edwin Montagu, Minister for India in the British Government, and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy, proposed constitutional reforms, on the basis of which the Government of India Act of 1919 was enacted.

 

Roulette Act:

The Rowlett Act was enacted in March, 1919. Under this law, there was a provision that any Indian could be tried in a court of law and imprisoned without punishment. There were nationwide strikes, processions and demonstrations in protest of this act. जीGandhiji called for a comprehensive strike.

 

Jallianwala Bagh:

On April 13, Dr. Saifuddin Kichlu and Dr. Crowds of people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in protest of Satyapal's arrest. General Dyer, the army commander stationed in Amritsar, fired indiscriminately at the crowd. Thousands were killed. There were also women and children in the crowd. This incident is one of the black chapters of the British government.

 

Khilafat movement changed in non-cooperation:

Due to deep dissatisfaction, people started the Khilafat movement. A conference was held in Allahabad in June, 1920, in which a boycott of schools, colleges and courts was planned. This Khilafat movement turned into a non-cooperation movement on August 31, 1920.

 

- On August 1, Lokmanya Tilak, a leading leader of the freedom struggle, passed away.

 

- Swarajya Kosh was set up to run non-cooperation movement, in which Rs. 1 crore was deposited within 6 months.

 

- Police rained bullets on a Congress procession of about 3,000 farmers at a place called Chauri-Chaura.

 

- In December, Das and Motilal Nehru together formed the Swaraj Party and Motilal was made the president.

 

- On June, 1925, Chittaranjan Das, another leading leader of the freedom struggle, passed away.

Simon, Go Back ':

The Simon Commission came to India in November 1927, with the aim of implementing constitutional reforms. People protested a lot and chanted 'Simon go back'.

 Netaji's Azad Hind Bahini

Netaji left India in 1941 and met Hitler in Germany and formed the Azad Hind Bahini in Singapore in 1943.

We all know the story after that ...

Finally, after much bloodshed and agitation, India became independent on 15 August 1947